(a) It allows the tool to cut freely without rubbing against the work surface. (d) For example, brass requires a back and side rake angle of almost 0°, while aluminum uses a back rake of 35° and a side rake of 15°.įunctions of End Clearance (relief) Angle: (c) It partly counteracts the resistance of the work to the movement of the cutter. (b) Side rake angle along with back rake angle controls the chip flow direction. (a) It performs similar functions as performed by back rake angle. (d) It provides keenness to the cutting edge and improves the surface finish. (c) It also helps counteract the pressure against the cutting tool from the work by pulling the tool into the work. (b) It reduces the cutting force required to shear the metal and consequently helps to reduces power requirements and increase tool life. (a) It helps to control the chip flow in a convenient direction. Now, we will discuss the functions and effects of cutting tool angles on cutting process. Nose radius is one which connects the side and end cutting edge. It is the angle between the side cutting edge of the tool and shank of the tool. It is the angle between the end cutting edge of the tool and a line perpendicular to its shank. It is the angle between the side surface of the tool and a line normal to the base of the tool.

It is also known as front clearance angle.

It is the angle between the front surface of the tool and a line normal to the base of the tool. It is the angle between the face of the tool and the shank of the tool. It is also known as front rake angle or top rake angle. It is the angle between the face of the tool and plane parallel to its base.